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is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world. The land that is now Canada was inhabited for millennia by various groups of Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions explored, and later settled, along the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom. This widening autonomy was highlighted by the Statute of Westminster 1931 and culminated in the Canada Act 1982, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament. Canada is a federal state that is governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. It is a bilingual nation with both English and French as official languages at the federal level. One of the world's highly developed countries, Canada has a diversified economy that is reliant upon its abundant natural resources and upon trade—particularly with the United States, with which Canada has had a long and complex relationship. It is a member of the G7, G8, G20, NATO, OECD, WTO, Commonwealth, Francophonie, OAS, APEC, and UN. With the eighth-highest Human Development Index globally, it has one of the highest standards of living in the world.
 * __//Canada//__ **

** __History__ **
//**Main article:**// History of Canada //**See also:**// Timeline of Canadian history

//** __Etymology__  **//

The name //Canada// comes from a St. Lawrence Iroquoian word, //kanata//, meaning "village" or "settlement". In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona. Cartier later used the word //Canada// to refer not only to that particular village, but also the entire area subject to Donnacona (the chief at Stadacona); by 1545, European books and maps had begun referring to this region as //Canada//. In the 17th and early 18th century, Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the Saint Lawrence River and the northern shores of the Great Lakes. The area was later split into two British colonies, Upper Canada and Lower Canada. They were re-unified as the Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, the name //Canada// was adopted as the legal name for the new country, and //Dominion// (a term from Psalm 72:8) was conferred as the country's title. As Canada asserted its political autonomy from the United Kingdom, the federal government increasingly used simply //Canada// on state documents and treaties, a change that was reflected in the renaming of the national holiday from Dominion Day media type="youtube" key="OZMFygRt6bw" width="425" height="350" align="center"

to Canada Day in 1982.

//** __Aboriginal peoples__ **//

__//**Main article:**//__ Aboriginal peoples in Canada

Archaeological and genetic studies support a human presence in the northern Yukon from 26,500 years ago, and in southern Ontario from **9,500** years ago. Old Crow Flats and Bluefish Caves are two of the earliest archaeological sites of human (**Paleo-Indians**) habitation in Canada. Among the First Nations peoples, there are eight unique stories of creation and their adaptations.[ The characteristics of Canadian Aboriginal societies included permanent settlements, agriculture, complex societal hierarchies, and trading networks. Some of these cultures had faded by the time of the first permanent European arrivals (c. late 15th–early 16th centuries), and have been discovered through archaeological investigations. The aboriginal population is estimated to have been between 200,000 and two million in the late 15th century, with a figure of 500,000 currently accepted by Canada's Royal Commission on Aboriginal Health. Repeated outbreaks of European infectious diseases such as influenza, measles, and smallpox (**to which they had no natural immunity**), combined with other effects of European contact, resulted in a forty to eighty percent aboriginal population decrease post-contact. Aboriginal peoples in Canada include the First Nations, Inuit, and Métis. The Métis are a mixed blood people who originated in the mid-17th century when First Nation and Inuit married European settlers. The Inuit had more limited interaction with European settlers during the colonization period.
 * __European colonization__ **



Europeans first arrived when Norsemen settled briefly at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland around 1000. No further European exploration occurred until **1497**, when Italian seafarer Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) explored Canada's Atlantic coast for England. Basque and Portuguese mariners established seasonal whaling and fishing outposts along the Atlantic coast. In 1534 Jacques Cartier explored the Saint Lawrence River for France. French explorer Samuel de Champlain arrived in 1603 and established the first permanent European settlements at Port Royal in 1605 and Quebec City in 1608. Among French colonists of New France, //Canadiens// extensively settled the Saint Lawrence River valley and Acadians settled the present-day Maritimes, while French fur traders and Catholic missionaries explored the Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and the Mississippi watershed to Louisiana. The Beaver Wars broke out over control of the North American fur trade. The English established fishing outposts in Newfoundland around 1610 and founded the Thirteen Colonies to the south. A series of four Intercolonial Wars erupted between 1689 and 1763. Mainland Nova Scotia came under British rule with the Treaty of Utrecht ( **1713** ); the Treaty of Paris ( **1763** ) ceded Canada and most of New France to Britain after the Seven Years' War. The Royal Proclamation (1763) carved the Province of Quebec out of New France and annexed Cape Breton Island to Nova Scotia. St. John's Island (now Prince Edward Island) became a separate colony in 1769. To avert conflict in Quebec, the British passed the Quebec Act of 1774, expanding Quebec's territory to the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley. It re-established the French language, Catholic faith, and French civil law there. This angered many residents of the Thirteen Colonies and helped to fuel the American Revolution. The Treaty of Paris (1783) recognized American independence and ceded territories south of the Great Lakes to the United States. New Brunswick was split from Nova Scotia as part of a reorganization of Loyalist settlements in the Maritimes. To accommodate English-speaking Loyalists in Quebec, the Constitutional Act of 1791 divided the province into French-speaking Lower Canada (later the province of Quebec) and English-speaking Upper Canada (later Ontario), granting each its own elected Legislative Assembly. The Canadas were the main front in the War of 1812 between the United States and Britain. Following the war, large-scale immigration to Canada from Britain and Ireland began in **1815**. From 1825 to 1846, 626,628 European immigrants landed at Canadian ports. Between one-quarter and one-third of all Europeans who immigrated to Canada before 1891 died of infectious diseases. The desire for responsible government resulted in the aborted Rebellions of 1837. The Durham Report subsequently recommended responsible government and the assimilation of French Canadians into English culture. The Act of Union 1840 merged The Canadas into a united Province of Canada. Responsible government was established for all British North American provinces by 1849. The signing of the Oregon Treaty by Britain and the United States in 1846 ended the Oregon boundary dispute, extending the border westward along the 49th parallel. This paved the way for British colonies on Vancouver Island (1849) and in British Columbia (1858). __//**Regiões/Destinos**//__ Ontário é uma província vasta e diversa. Cada região tem atrações famosas que não devem deixar de ser vistas, bem como tesouros ocultos a serem descobertos. Desfrute de excelente entretenimento, cultura, gastronomia e compras em Toronto, Ottawa e outros centros urbanos. Encante-se com uma das maravilhas do mundo: as Cataratas do Niagara. Descubra cidades e vilas charmosas. E responda ao chamado da natureza em uma vasta terra de florestas, lagos e rios imaculados. Encontre pelo caminho os acolhedores habitantes de Ontário. __//**Cultura do Canadá**//__

A **cultura do Canadá** é um produto da história e geografia do Canadá. A maior parte do território canadense foi ocupada e desenvolvida depois de outras colônias européias na América, o que resulta nos temas e símbolos de pioneiros, desbravadores e comerciantes foram importantes no início do desenvolvimento de sua cultura. A conquista Britânica de Quebec em 1759 colocou uma grande população francófona sob poder britânico criando uma necessidade de compromisso e acomodação, enquanto a chegada de migrantes das Treze colônias leais ao Reino Unido trouxe grande influências britânica e estadunidense. Apesar de não ser livre de conflitos, as primeiras interações do Canadá com populações aborígenes foram relativamente pacíficas, comparadas às experiências com os povos indígenas nos Estados Unidos. Combinado com o desenvolvimento econômico relativamente tardio em várias regiões, essa história pacífica concedeu aos

** cidades: **

__//**-Vancouver**//__
__//**lugares turisticos:**//__ //**catarataras**// //**lugar de lazer**// __//**ponte do canada**//__ **//cidade do canada//**    __//**data comemorativa:**//__